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Project Overview

The project’ site is located at the intersection of Jiangangshan Avenue and Wolong 5th Road, occupying a land area of 3,484.85 m². It adjoins high-rise residential buildings on the east and west sides, and planned green spaces on the south side. The large number of high-rise buildings in its surroundings brings an oppressive feeling on the site.
The project is a Grade-1 fire station with the plot ratio of 1.11, occupies a gross floor area of 4,945.5m² (above-ground: 3,855.5m², underground:1,090m²), which can accommodate 8 fire trucks. Composed of a 3-storey fire operation building, a 7-storey training tower and a one-floor basement, it’s a fire station with a typical centralized layout surrounded by high-rise buildings.

Project Commissioner

Xixiang Sub-district Office, Bao'an District, Shenzhen

Project Creator

THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE DESIGN & RESEARCH.SHENZHEN UNIVERSITY

Team

Zhong Zhong, Ma Yue, Zhong Botao, Zhang Yidi, Zhong Haihuan, Yao Yuan, Meng Meili, Wei Xianqiong, Li He, Hou Jian, Wang Hongyue, Guo Hao, Liu Zhongping, Wang Weifang, Liu Mu, Tang Jin

Project Brief

Based on the design brief, the project shall be designed according to the research results of “2014 Shenzhen Fire Station Standardization Design Workshop”. The experience of this project will be utilized to establish construction standards on fire stations in Shenzhen, so as to satisfy the needs for building more fire stations and provide a reference for fire station construction in China. The design needs to satisfy basic functions of a fire station, such as instant response to emergency and duty-calls, training, living and leisure activities, and to consider future professional development of firefighters, openness and fire protection education to the public. The requirements on standardized design & construction and green buildings construction (one-star) shall be complied.
Fire trucks leave the fire station via an exit near the street. The main entrance and exit for visitors is set at the east corner of the site. Areas open to visitors are mainly arranged on 1F and the mezzanine. Entrance foyer, canteen and communication room are arranged on 1F, firefighter duty rooms and office are organized on 2F, lavatory and shower room on the north side. Operation rooms and auxiliary rooms are set on 3F. The underground space has an area of 1,090 square meters.The basement mainly accommodates equipment rooms, and its entrance is set on the north corner of the main building. Besides, multiple gardens are set on the roof to enrich the lives of firefighters.

Project Innovation/Need

1. The project is a design practice based on the research results of the “2014 Shenzhen Fire Station Standardization Design Workshop”.
2. With consideration into the limited site area and the high-rise buildings in the surroundings, the fire station adopts a typical centralized layout.
3. Fire engines leave the station via an exit nearby the street, greatly improving emergency response efficiency.
4. Visitors are guided to visit open areas through the mezzanine, without affecting firefighting training.
5. A garden has been created on the rooftop for firefighters to cultivate and enjoy growing fresh fruits and vegetables during their leisure time, thus enriching their lives.

Design Challenge

1. Site conditions:
The site is surrounded by a great deal of high-rise buildings, which causes an strong oppressive feeling on the site.
2. Layout:
The site has a limited area and is surrounded by high residential buildings on east, west and north sides. The biggest challenge was how to work out a reasonable layout on the cramped site.
3.Setback lines:
After thorough analysis and productive communication with the planning authority, more suitable minimum setback lines have been established. Considering the various factors of the surrounding environment, the building is set back 3m on the east, 3m on the south, 12m on the west, and 2.4m on the north. In this way, the fire station and sports field are reasonably arranged within the limited site area.
4. Fire engines leave the fire station via an exit near an urban road, which greatly improves the work efficiency, but meanwhile it may affect the traffic of the city. How to resolve this contradiction was also challenging.
5. Circulation routes:
Areas open to citizens are mainly set on 1F and the mezzanine. The visiting route passes through the mezzanine corridor, without affecting the internal circulation routes of firefighters in daily training and work.

Sustainability

1. Architectural design:
The main building features a simple form. Except for functional structures like sun-shading or sight-blocking structures, the building’s design minimizes decorative components like cantilever slabs or grilles. By focusing on overall planning and appropriate layout arrangement integrated with the building’s form, the design allows for optimal natural ventilation and daylighting. Additionally, the fenetrations provide a good unobstructed view in the living space between each room.
2. Materials:
The external window is built with Low-E glass and thermal insulation mortar and the roof is covered with 50mm-thick XPS boards. The building envelope walls have been constructed using either air-entrained concrete or reinforced concrete.
3. Water supply and drainage design:
A set of high-efficiency pumps featuring variable frequency drives is equipped to meet China’s Class-A energy efficiency standards, resulting in electricity savings and significant positive impacts on society. Unified FRP septic tank and oil-separating tank are installed to ensure good sanitation, and an energy-saving water heating system powered by solar energy and air-source heat pumps is adopted.
4.Electrical design:
Low-loss and energy-saving transformers and lamps are installed. The lighting in the stairwell is controlled by sensor switch and the exhaust fan adopts timing control.
5. Air conditioning system:
Multi-split air conditioning system that meets the national Grade-1 energy efficiency requirements is utilized, to reduce energy consumption and improve social benefits.

Architecture - Public and Institutional - International

This award celebrates the design process and product of planning, designing and constructing form, space and ambience that reflect functional, technical, social, and aesthetic considerations. Consideration given for material selection, technology, light and shadow. 
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